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Analysis Of Chris Mccandlessness In Into The Wild - 870 Words

Chris McCandless was a free spirit, unbound by the chains of society and an old soul who took pleasure, and fulfilled his lust for adventure, by tramping around the United States. Rather than living the normal life in civilization, Chris felt his love for nature stated when he abandons his family and lives off the land. Jon Krakauer, the author of Into the Wild wrote the book about Chris McCandless aka Alex Supertramp when he died of starvation in the Alaskan wilderness and made headlines. People around the country voiced their opinion on Chris, some believing him to be brave while others a fool. But rather than acting recklessly as the vast majority believed, Chris McCandless was actually inexperienced and unprepared for his adventure.†¦show more content†¦This only calls to attention another one of Chris’ shortcoming which was in the knowledge and inability to get a proper map of the Stampede Trail. With a map of Stampede Trail Chris would’ve been able to sur vive his adventure by either starting a big fire to alert firefighters or go some distance from the river to a cable which spanned the river to the other side where Chris could have been on the road to the highway. This could have been possible if Chris had some prior knowledge to what he was getting into and a good map, especially because Chris was in a moderately good health when he made his plan to head back to civilization. Alas it didn’t happen as Chris was unable to properly prepare for his trip because he believed he could achieve his goal to live in the wild without experience, and lacked the awareness of the land. However, Chris grew wiser as he lived in the Alaskan wilderness. He turned on his rules against killing animals when he killed the moose to feed himself. The environment allowed Chris to mature into someone who’d rather spend his time helping people over just staying away from civilization and at times, people in general. In a sense Chris embodies Ralph Waldo Emerson’s quotes from Self-Reliance, â€Å"Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string† (Emerson, Source E). Chris trusts himself when he decided to

Hospitalization And Intervention To Jay †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Hospitalization And Intervention To Jay. Answer: Introduction: In this essay, case of Jay is discussed. He is diagnosed with intussusception. Pathophysiology of intussusception is discussed. Multiple factors need to be considered for providingnursing intervention to Jay. These factors include role of growth and development theories, developmentally appropriate care, family centered care and hospitalization of Jay. Importance of family centered care and factors which need to be considered for providingnursing intervention to Jay are discussed. Points to be considered for hospitalization and provisions to be made during Jays hospitalization are discussed. Along with medical intervention, nurse need to work on the factors which can improve well-being of Jay. Pathophysiology: It mainly occurs due to the inequality in the longitudinal forces across the intestinal walls. Mass in the form of lead point and disturbed pattern of peristaltic movement are mainly responsible for imbalance in the longitudinal forces. Due to these imbalanced forces, intestine enters the lumen of the adjutant bowel. Intussusception is a pathological condition of GI tract in which there is part of intestine folds into the next section. It is mainly associated with the small bowel and in few cases with the large bowel. It results in the small bowel destruction and bowel perforation. In most common intusssception, ileum enters the cecum. In other few of the cases, ileum or jejunum enters inside itself. Most of the cases, intussusceptions can occur due to location of intussusceptum proximal to the intussuscipiens. This proximal location is mainly due to the peristaltic action of intestine which brings proximal end towards distal end. If progression is rapid, intussusceptum can enter dis tal colon, sigmoid colon and even prolapse out of the anus. Lead point mainly occurs due to projection of intestinal tissue into the bowel lumen. Lead point occurs in approximately 10 % of the cases of intussusceptions. Due to blockage of bowel, there is prevention of blood supply, which causes ischemia (Aybay et al., 2016). Gut mucosa in sensitive to the ischemia and it leads to inactivity of mucosa in the gut. It results in the occurrence of red currant jelly stool. This stool is combination of mucosa, blood, and mucus. However, this red currant jelly stool occurs in few of the children with intussusception. Hence, it can be used as a differential diagnostic tool for children with bloody stool. Due to this pathological condition of gut, there can be abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, leg pulling towards chest and moderate to severe cramping of the abdomen can occur in patients with intussusceptions (Loeffler, 2014). Jay is also exhibiting all these symptoms. Intermittent pain can occur in children with intussusception because intussuscepted bowel segment transiently stops contracting. Loop of the bowel become necrotic due to ischemia which occurs due to compression of arteries. Barium or water-soluble contrast enema or an air-contrast enema can be used as treatment of intussusception (Patcharatrakul and Rao, 2017). Earlier rotavirus was linked to the occurrence of pathology of intussusceptions, however recent studies are not indicating link between rotavirus and intussusception (Otero et al., 2017). Growth and developmental theories: Nurse should incorporate various growth and developmental theories for providingnursing care to Jay. Various theories include Pigetss theory of intellectual development and Erickson trust/mistrust stage. According to Pigetss theory of intellectual development, sensory organ and muscles become more functional. Infants produces reflexes to the alterations in the body. Nurse need to identify these reflexes. In this case nurse need to recognize drawing legs up and high-pitched crying in response to pain. It can be helpful in the early assessment and early intervention to be planned for Jay. There is no place for emotions of nurse in evaluating cognitive developmental theory in Jay. By avoiding this emotional factor, nurse can perform objective assessment in Jay. According to Erickson trust/mistrust stage children relied completely on their caregiver for fulfilling their basic need for growth and development. Children trust their parents more as compared to the nurses, hence his parents need to administer drugs to Jay. These children are completely dependent on their caregivers for food, shelter, and protection. In this stage Jay can seek help from caregivers for his diseased condition (R eimann et al., 2017). Evaluation and execution of these growth and developmental theories in Jay can provide him with effectivenursing intervention and improve his disease condition. Developmentally appropriate care: Diseased state of Jay can impact his future growth and development. It can negatively impact his physical and psychological development. Nurse should make realize his family members about its negative impact on his future development. Hence, his family members can take appropriate measures to tackle this issue. Nurse should convince his parents to improve their moral because it can be helpful in augmenting their attention towards his care. Special efforts need to be taken to provide treatment in the form of enema on regular basis. Children of his age would not be cooperating to take enema and might be afraid to take it. Hence, family members need to give more attention for using enema. This age appropriate care for Jay can improve his disease condition (Lowry-Lehnen, 2015). Family centered care: Family centered care is important aspect for providing care to children of Jays age. This is important for Jay because children like Jay can not manage their symptoms and disease condition on their own. Jays family should stand firmly behind him and take part in every aspect of his care. Nurse should consider this aspect and involve his family members in his care. Nurse should collect information related to Jay form his family members. Nurse should collect information related to health issues, eating habits and psychological behavior. Nurse should analyze collected information and prepare effective care plan for him. It can help nurse to provide nursing care in smooth manner. Family members confidence about the Jay condition can be improved by giving them assurance that proper treatment can improve his condition (Law, 2012). There should be involvement of family members of Jay in planning and delivering care to Jay. Nurse should educate Jays family members to manage pain due to intussusception. Nurse should understand his mothers feelings and should give respect to her feelings. Jays mother is worried about rotavirus vaccine because she was informed that his condition was exaggerated due to rotavirus vaccine Nurse should educate that rotavirus vaccine would not affect his condition significantly because in recent studies it is evident that rotavirus vaccine is not linked to his intussusception. Nurse should maintain their dignity and use respectful words with them. Nurse should understand strengths and weaknesses of his mother and plan nursing intervention with respect to her strengths and weaknesses. Socioeconomic and cultural aspects of his family should be considered while providing nursing intervention to Jay. Jays actual status of health should be informed to his family members and inform them about the anticipated effects after the completion of nursing intervention for intussusception (Barnsteiner et al., 2014). Children at the age of Jay can feel comfortable, if nursing intervention is provided in the presence of their family members. Considering this, nurse should provide nursing intervention to Jay in the presence of his family members. It is well established that effective communication with the family members can be helpful in providing complete nursing intervention to the children. Hence, nurse should establish effective communication with his family members because few of the aspects of the nursing intervention cannot be communicated to Jay due to his age factor. Family members need to be educated about application of enema in Jay. Through this communication, nurse can improve knowledge of family members about his disease condition and treatment to be provided. Through communication, nurse can improve participation of family members in decision making of his care and inform them about the care to be taken at home. Jays hospitalization can be reduced by providing him with family center ed care. Family centered can be helpful in improving satisfaction of Jay and his mother about the care provided (Shaul, 2014; Watson and Rodwell, 2014). Family centered care can be helpful in relieving stress of Jay and his mother. Hospitalization: Hospitalization is the significant part of children care. However, long duration hospitalizations of children can negatively affect children both physically and mentally. Comfortable environment need to be provided for Jay in the hospital. There should not be separation of Jay and his family members during his stay in the hospital. All sorts of interventions need to be provided for Jay in the presence of his family members. Children with age of Jay might feel fear of pain and become anxious during their hospitalization stay. Hence nurse need to ensure that all the care to be provided to Jay should be with minimal pain. Family members of Jay might be more worried about his hospitalization. Nurse should give them assurance that hospital is going to give freedom from his painful condition and improve his wellbeing. Nurse should assure them that he is going to be discharged from hospital immediately after his recovery (Thurston, 2014). Family members of Jay should be informed about the nursing and medical procedures and nurse should demonstrate them all the procedures. It would be helpful in reducing hospitalization stress on his family members. Nurse need to counsel his family members for his hospital admission. Nurse should provide flexibility to his family members to stay with him in hospital. Nurse should give counseling to his mother about financial issues due to hospitalization. Nurse should maintain confidentiality of Jays hospitalization. Nurse should provide suitable environment for Jay in the hospital with respect to his medical history, behavior, cultural background and socioeconomic status (Tehrani et al., 2012; Brykczynska and Simons, 2011). Nurse should consider all these aspects during hospitalization of Jay. Conclusion: Intussusception in the pathological condition of the GI tract associated with pain, vomiting and bloody stool. Disease condition can worsen due to ischemia. In this case Jay is diagnosed with intussusception. Implementation growth and development theories for nursing care of Jay can be helpful in providing holistic care to Jay. Person centered care for Jay can be helpful in improving morale his mother and relieve stress about his diseased condition. Provision of suitable hospital environment for the Jay can be helpful in his speedy recovery. References: Aybay, M.N., Erol, S., Kaya, H.E., and Guler, I. (2016). Appendix Invagination Mimicking Ileocecal Intussusception in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report. Journal of Emergency Medicine, 51(5), 589-591. Barnsteiner, J., Disch, J., and Walton, M. (2014). Person and Family Centered Care. Sigma Theta Tau. Brykczynska, G.M., and Simons, J. (2011). Ethical and Philosophical Aspects of Nursing Children and Young People. John Wiley Sons. Law, M. (2012). Family-Centred Assessment and Intervention in Pediatric Rehabilitation. Routledge. Loeffler, A.G. (2014). Introduction to Human Disease: Pathophysiology for Health Professionals. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Lowry-Lehnen, T. (2015). Theories of Human Growth and Development: Developmental Psychology. Create Space Independent Publishing Platform. Otero, J., Posa, M.R., and Kelly, M.N. (2017). Rectal Bleeding and Abdominal Pain Following Vaccination in a 4-Month-Old Infant. Case Reports in Pediatrics, 9461315. doi: 10.1155/2017/9461315. Patcharatrakul, T., and Rao, SSC. (2017). Update on the Pathophysiology and Management of Anorectal Disorders. Gut Liver. 23. doi: 10.5009/gnl17172. Reimann, M., Schilke, O., and Cook, K.S. (2017). Trust Is Heritable, Whereas Distrust Is Not. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in the United States of America, 114(27), 7007-7012. Shaul, R. Z. (2014). Paediatric Patient and Family-Centred Care: Ethical and Legal Issues. Springer Science Business. Tehrani, T. H., Haghighi, M., and Bazmamoun, H. (2012). Effects of Stress on Mothers of Hospitalized Children in a Hospital in Iran. Iranian Journal of Child Neurology, 6(4), 3945. Thurston, C. (2014). Essential Nursing Care for Children and Young People: heory, Policy and Practice. Routledge. Watson, G. and Rodwell, S. (2014). Safeguarding and Protecting Children, Young People and Families: A Guide for Nurses and Midwives. SAGE.

Millard Fillmore Essays - Millard Fillmore, Second Party System

Millard Fillmore Millard Fillmore Fillmore, Millard (1800-1874), 13th president of the United States (1850-1853) and the second vice president to finish the term of a deceased president. He succeeded Zachary Taylor at a critical moment in United States history. The Mexican War (1846-1848) had renewed the conflict between the Northern and Southern states over slavery, since it had added new territories to the United States. The debate over whether these territories should be admitted as free or slave states precipitated a crisis that threatened civil war. Much to the relief of Northern and Southern politicians, Fillmore pursued a moderate and conciliatory policy. He signed into law the Compromise of 1850, which admitted one territory as a free state and allowed slave owners to settle in the others. This compromise did not solve the basic problem of slavery but did preserve peace for nearly eleven years. During that time the North gained the industrial power that enabled it to defeat the South when civil war eventually came. Fillmore was born in upstate New York in 1800. He was the second child and eldest son in a family of nine. His parents, Nathaniel and Phoebe Millard Fillmore, had moved from Vermont to New York several years before his birth. Young Fillmore did chores on his father's farm, worked as an apprentice in the clothier's trade, and attended local schools irregularly until he was 17. Although the only books in his home were the Bible, an almanac, and a hymnbook, Fillmore managed to educate himself with the help of a village schoolteacher, Abigail Powers. When he was 19, Fillmore began to study law with Judge Walter Wood of Cayuga County. He supported himself by teaching school. When his family moved to East Aurora, near Buffalo, New York, Fillmore continued his study of law and his teaching. In 1823 he opened a law office in East Aurora. Three years later he married Abigail Powers. The couple had two children, Mary Abigail and Millard Powers. In the early years of their marriage, Mrs. Fillmore continued to teach school and to help her husband with his law studies. In 1826, the year Fillmore was married, an incident in western New York set him on the road to the presidency. When William Morgan, a former member of the Masonic fraternal order who had written a book that claimed to expose the order's secrets, disappeared, the rumor spread that he had been murdered by avenging Masons. Thurlow Weed, a newspaper publisher and politician, seized on the incident to arouse public feeling against all secret organizations and helped to organize the Anti-Masonic Party. Meanwhile, Millard Fillmore had been winning respect and popularity in East Aurora. People admired his professional ethics, temperate habits, careful speech and dress, and good looks. These qualities caught the attention of the Anti-Masonic politicians, who were looking for vote-winning candidates. In 1828, Weed and his group ran Fillmore for a seat in the New York state legislature, and he was elected. Four years later, again with Weed's backing, Fillmore was elected to the House of Representatives in the Congress of the United States. When the Anti-Masonic Party merged with the new Whig Party in the mid-1830s, Fillmore became a Whig. In Congress he was a strong supporter of Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky, the leader of the Whigs. The two men agreed that compromise on the slavery issue was necessary to preserve peace between the North and South. In the important position of chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee, Fillmore took a leading part in framing the protective tariff (tax on imports) of 1842. The tariff raised rates to about the high level of the tariff of 1833. That tariff was opposed by the South and had provoked the state of South Carolina to pass its Ordinance of Nullification, declaring the tariff void within its borders. Fillmore did not run for reelection in 1842. He hoped for the vice presidential nomination on Clay's Whig presidential ticket, but the party's national convention of 1844 gave that spot to Theodore Frelinghuysen of New Jersey. Fillmore then accepted the Whig nomination for governor of New York. In the election, however, Fillmore was beaten by his Democratic Party opponent, Silas Wright, and Clay lost the decisive New York vote. The Whigs nominated Fillmore for state comptroller in 1847. This office was second in power after the governor's and supervised public finances and superintended the banks. Fillmore defeated his Democratic opponent by 30,000 votes, the largest margin ever gained by any Whig over a Democrat in New York. The victory established Fillmore as a vote getter and put him